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Pencho Penchev
More about the Food Supplying Problem
Summary:
One of the most important issues facing humanity is the food supplying problem. There are two ways to produce food: a) natural way which is not in contradiction with environment and b) unreasonable way which threatens human existence. The article focuses on the second one and displays the expected negative consequences: irretrievable negative changes of the planet which in turn threaten human existence. In order to avoid them, the article shows opportunities to meet food needs which are consistent with natural conditions.
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Plamen Petkov
Algorithm for Econometric Estimation of the Aggregated Production Function by Transcendental Logarithmic (translog) Approximation
Summary:
The study analyzes the dependence of gross domestic product of the number of employees and gross fixed capital formation in Bulgaria with the help of the aggregate production function. Based on quarterly data, which covered the first quarter of 1996 to the first quarter of 2007, is examined the elasticity of substitution of production factors. It is tested three types of production functions – a production function with variable elasticity of substitution of factors (VES-function), a production function with constant elasticity of substitution of factors (CES-function) and classical Cobb-Douglas function. Estimates of the parameters were obtained with the least squares method, applied to transcendental logarithmic (translog) approximation of the production function.
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Elka Lubomirova Atanasova
Analysis of Income as a „Generation of Income“ Account Component
Summary:
„Generation of income" account contains information on value added components: compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports, subsidies, gross operating surplus, gross mixed income. It complements the information of "Production" account, allowing analysis of the level of wages in sectors and industries of the economy. Data from this account allow committing the income from productive activity to the results achieved by sectors and economic activities. This article provides an analysis of the statistical information contained in the "Generation of income" account for the period 2000-2012, to identify the formation macroeconomic trends.
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Galya Vezirova
Differentiated Instruction in English Language Teaching (Level B1)
Summary:
The article examines the possibilities of applying differentiated instruction in intensive English language learning (level B1). The essence of differentiation and the peculiarities when it is used in the educational process are clarified. The principles and elements of differentiated instruction are examined. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities for the application of this philosophy and approaches and strategies are proposed for the full and effective implementation of differentiated learning in intensive English language learning.
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Todor Todorov
On some Imperfections of the Gross Domestic Product Index
Summary:
The gross domestic product is the most widespread macroeconomic index, used for macroeconomic analysis and forecasting of economic growth. Despite all its merits it can hardly be considered a perfect indicator of economic growth and nation’s welfare. One of its disadvantages is that it doesn’t record the effects connected with the exhausting of natural resources or with the negative consequences of environment pollution. In this sense the article offers an algorithm for calculating “green GDP” and “black GDP”.
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Olena Sharah
Quality of the Economic Growth under the Terms and Conditions of the Technological Progress
Summary:
This Paper has a two-fold purpose: 1) to explore the abstract and theoretical principles of the classical and neoclassical economic theory to the notion of the economic growth under the terms and conditions of the technological progress; 2) to try to apply these provisions with national economic practice of modern Ukraine.
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Marina Nikolova
Motivation for Development and Effects of Organic Farming
Summary:
The development of organic farming in Bulgaria is one of the priorities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Foods which works to maintain the trend of increasing the number of organic farmers, the amount of organically cultivated lands and the diversity of organically grown crops and animals. The positive effects of organic products and foods for human health, protecting the environment and preserving natural resources have been greatly popularized lately. This is also due to the fact that bigger groups and communities, both in the European Union and in Bulgaria, are interested in healthy eating and sustainable use of natural resources. This leads to the necessity of highly motivated farmers and obtaining good economic results from the introduction of organic production approaches in modern ecologically-oriented farms.
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Walter E. Block
My Case of and for Coauthoring
Summary:
The benefits of co authoring vastly outweigh the costs in my own case. So much so that I have engaged in this form of publication on numerous occasions. The present paper (single authored) sets out the advantages and disadvantages, and relates my several decades long experience with this mode of cooperative writing.
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Nedim Dikmen
Nominal GDP And Macroeconomic Policy Choice: St. Louis Model Estimates
Summary:
In this study, we investigate the question of whether monetarist or Keynesian policies were more effective on GDP growth in Turkey. To this aim, we employ the St. Louis model and examine the statistical significance of the estimated parameters. The effects of changes in money supply or government expenditures on GDP growth are not only limited to the current period but might continue over time as well. Hence, we also include the lagged values of the explanatory variables in the model. The estimation period covers the 1981 – 2008 period. The model is estimated by OLS and captures the accumulated effects of the changes in the narrow and wide definitons of money supply (M1 and M2) and government expenditures on the growth of nominal GDP growth. These estimates correspond to the total or distributed lag multipliers for monetary and fiscal policies. The former is not found to be statistically significant whereas the latter is statistically significant. These findings indicate that Keynesian policies based on expansionary fiscal policy via increased government expenditures had more influence on GDP growth in Turkey than the monetarist approach. These results also reflect the various governments’ populist approaches for political purposes. Overall, we find that the St. Louis equation approach is a valid and applicable model in the Turkish case.
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Iliyana Krysteva
Problems and Trends in the Development of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector in Bulgaria
Summary:
The „Fisheries and Aquaculture“sector is important not only in Bulgarian agriculture but also in the national economy as a whole. This sector contributes to protecting the environment, protecting biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems in Bulgaria, supporting the restoration and maintenance of valuable fish stocks in natural ponds and sustainable aquaculture development. This important business sector has still untapped potential for developing and creating additional jobs that are becoming more and more important in today's consumers' pursuit of healthy eating and the growing demand for fish and aquaculture.
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Georgi Tihomirov Lichev
Study of the Behaviour of Bulgarian Costumers in the Purchase of Sugar and Chocolate Products
Summary:
The activation of the scientific interest in the field of consumer behaviour is dictated by the immediate practical necessity on the contemporary stage. This article focuses on studying the behaviour of Bulgarian consumers in relation to the product group "sugar and chocolate products". This is based on an empirical survey conducted on consumers in Bulgaria. The effort to gain insight into the depth of consumer motivation and to work to increase satisfaction is well-founded, coupled with the gaining of competitive advantages. The complex situation of the consumer market is a prerequisite for many controversies, difficulties, challenges to which commercial enterprises should take a responsible attitude.
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William Barnett Ii, Walter E. Block
Spreading the Benefits of Productivity Increases: Price Increases, Decreases, or Both? A Critique of Baumol on Subsidies to the Arts
Summary:
This paper attempts to grapple with the market mechanism through which growth in one sector of the economy spreads to other sectors. It calls into question Baumol’s argument for subsidies to the arts and by extension, to other economic areas that have not enjoyed productivity increases.
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Tsvetelina Kabakchieva
Organic Farming - the Future of the Agricultural Economy of Bulgaria
Summary:
Organic farming owes its emergence, existence and principles to the nature itself, while the fundamental rule of its practice is to be in harmony with it, without harming it. In fact, it is a new perception of the environment and a new attitude towards its protection, both now and in the future. Organic farming combines the best environmental practices, high biodiversity, the conservation of natural resources and high production standards based on natural substances and processes. It also corresponds to a specific market that responds to specific consumer demands while at the same time it provides public goods that are in terms with environmental protection, animal welfare and rural development.
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Ludwig Von Mises
Human Action, Part Four, Chapter XXII. The Nonhuman Original Factors of Production
Summary:
In the frame of Ricardian economics the idea of rent was an attempt at a treatment of those problems which modern economics approaches by means of marginal-utility analysis. Ricardo's theory appears rather unsatisfactory when judged from the point of view of present-day insight; there is no doubt that the method of the subjective-value theory is far superior. Yet the renown of the rent theory is well deserved; the care bestowed upon its initiation and perfection brought forth fine fruits. There is no reason for the history of economic thought to feel ashamed of the rent theory.
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Borislav Boev
Nuclear Energy and the Transition to Low-Emission Electricity System
Summary:
This article explores national and European energy development plans in the context of the transition to a low-emission economy. The current structure of the electricity system of the country, the main objectives in the national strategic document for energy development "Integrated Plan in the field of energy and climate of the Republic of Bulgaria 2021-2030" and the package "Clean Energy for All Europeans" are presented. At the same time, the main challenges that Bulgaria will face in the decommissioning of carbon-intensive electricity generation (especially coal power plants) and the construction of replacement capacity have been identified. In this context, the article highlights the main advantages of nuclear energy as a safe, reliable, sustainable, and low-emission energy source and provides specific guidelines for the expansion of nuclear energy in the forthcoming transformation of the country's electricity system.